Nature and Characteristics of Learning | b.ed notes | Types of Learning

 

Nature and Characteristics of Learning 

 

The change that occurs in our behavior by learning. This behavior is not innate, it is not inherited by us as a gift of heredity, but by the influence of factors contained in the environment, through direct and indirect experiences by ourselves. are acquired. The language we speak, the skills we use, the interests, habits and attitudes that form part of our personality are all acquired behavioral patterns and the process we all learn as a result of our Becomes part of personality or lifestyle.

 

Following are the characteristics and nature of learning 

• Learning is a change in behavior.

• Acquired behavior is relatively permanent in nature.

• Learning is a continuous process that lasts a lifetime.

• Learning is a universal process.

• Learning is purposeful and goal directed.

• Learning is concerned with the new arrangement of experiences.

• Learning is a product of environment and activity.
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• Learning is transferred from one situation to another.

• Teaching-learning objectives can be achieved through learning.

• Learning helps in proper growth and development.

• Learning helps in the overall development of personality.

• Learning helps in achieving goals in life.

• Learning helps with adjustment.

• Learning and development are not synonymous.

• Learning does not always have to lead to growth in the right direction.

Characteristics and nature of learning b.ed notes 

 

1. Learning is a change in behavior.

:- The process of learning and its result are directly related to bringing changes in the behavior of the learner. Whatever be the type of learning, it has always played the role of bringing change in the student. Change can be good as well Bad too. Through good changes such as correct pronunciation of words, using words in sentences, etc. and bad changes such as stealing, lying, etc. A person changes his behavior, thoughts, feelings, etc. by learning from his own and other's experiences.

2. Acquired behavior is relatively situational in nature.

 

:- Changes in behavior are brought about by learning. They are neither completely permanent nor temporary. Their nature is intermediate between these two. Which can be named as relatively permanent. Therefore, by learning, the child The change that takes place in the behavior of a person is capable of leaving its impact. But in the event of its undesirable time being relevant or unusable, the role of bringing relative changes again can also be played by proper learning.

3. Learning is a continuous life-long process.

 

:- Learning though is not inherited. But it begins from the birth of a child in the womb of the mother . We were telling about this. Through the experiences we get in the environment after birth, we get enough freedom in this work and through all these experiences, formal and informal, direct and indirect, till death we do not get something or the other. keep on learning 

4. Learning is a universal process.

 

:- Learning is not the inheritance of any particular person, caste-species and country-region. All the living beings in this world keep learning something or the other through experiences in their own way. To think or claim that That a child born in a particular caste, such as a Brahmin or a Golden Hindu family, learns better than children of other castes, or sooner or better than boys or girls, or faster or better than fair Europeans or Africans, is absolutely baseless and colourful. Or animals have full capacity to learn and whatever difference is seen in this regard, the special contribution of experiences and opportunities is found in them.

5. Learning is purposeful and goal directed.

 

:- Whenever we try to learn something or want to change our behavior in other words, it has some definite purpose or purpose. Our learning process moves towards achieving some purpose or goal . As we are helped to achieve this goal, we engage in learning with more enthusiasm. 

6. Learning is related to the new arrangement of experiences.

 

:- In the process of learning, the work of new adjustments and reorganization of experiences goes on, whatever is learned on the basis of previous experiences, it becomes necessary to change it on the basis of new experiences. Keeping the work of adjustment going on becomes a special need and specialty of moving forward on the path of learning.

7. Learning is the product of environment and activity.

 

:- Active response with the environment is an essential word for learning, the more fully active the child reacts with the environment, the more he will be able to move forward on the path of learning, regardless of the presence of stimuli in the environment. Yes, if there is no active response by the learner, then how will the process of learning proceed. In this way, the process of learning has the characteristic that the learner should have sufficient interaction with the environment so that proper learning can take place through experience. I

8. Learning is transferred from one situation to another.

 

:- Whatever is learned in one situation, its acquisition definitely comes forward in any other situation by becoming an obstacle or helper in the work of learning. Transferring happens in the situation.

9. Teaching-learning objectives can be achieved through learning.

 

:- By learning, students can make appropriate efforts to achieve the set teaching-learning objectives. By fulfilling such objectives, expected knowledge, understanding, understanding, skills, interest and attitude etc. can be developed in children. 

10. Learning helps in proper growth and development.

:- Growth and development in all dimensions physical, mental, social, emotional, aesthetic , moral and language related development etc. The process of learning helps at every step.

 

Types of Learning 

Different psychologists have divided learning into different types in their own way. In which psychologist Isobel 1968 has given the following four major types of learning which are as follows.

1. Learning acquisition.  

                   

:- In receptive learning, the material to be learned is given to the learner by speaking or writing and the learner assimilates those materials. Unfortunately, most of the teachers think that eclipse learning can only be taught by rote, but Isobel has made it clear that it can be done by rote as well as by understanding.

2. Exploratory Learning 

 

Exploratory learning is said to be such learning in which the learner has to learn new concepts or a new rule or idea from the materials given to him. Unfortunately, most of the teachers think that discovery learning is always meaningful, but Isobel has made it clear that sometimes it can be meaningful or sometimes it can be full of return. If the student tries to complete the rule, then it will be an example of learning such an investigation, it will be considered accomplished, but if the student discovers this new rule by fully organizing any known facts or doing an experiment, then such an investigation is called learning.

3. Rote learning 

 

:- Such learning is said in which the learner learns the associations of the given materials verbatim and arbitrarily without understanding its meaning. Learning of nonsense words, learning of pairs of words are examples of this type of learning.

4. Meaningful Learning 

 

According to Isobel, this type of learning has special significance for education. That's why more emphasis is placed on special kind of learning among teachers. Meaningful learning in which the learner understands the essence of the material according to a rule and its relation is taught by linking it to previous knowledge.