Explain the four Language Skills : Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing

 

The Four Language skills 

 

To communicate with other people in the human society, he expresses his thoughts by speaking or writing, and accepts their thoughts by listening or reading.

The ability to use these four verbs related to language is called language skill.

Their development and gaining proficiency in them is the aim of language teaching.

All these four skills are inter-related to each other i.e. depend on each other in one way or the other.

Language skills play an important role in the all-round development of an individual.

 

Language skills are divided into four parts 

• Listening Skills

• Speaking Skills

• Reading Skills

• Writing Skills 

1. Listening Skills 

 

• Shravan means “hearing”, so hearing skill is related to “Karna” (ear).

• The ability to listen to sounds or pronunciation and understand its meaning by listening and receiving it is called auditory skill.

• Listening and reading skills are called sensory/receptive skills.

• Listening skills provide the foundation for other language skills.

• Student acquires knowledge only by listening to poetry, story, speech, debate etc.

• Concentration of the brain and restraint of the senses are essential for listening skills.

 

Importance of listening skills 

 

• A child starts hearing only after birth, these sounds form the basis of his knowledge.

• Listening skills form the main basis for developing other linguistic skills.

• This develops the ability to recognize subtle differences in sounds.

• It is helpful in achieving various literary and cultural programs.

Objectives of Teaching Listening Skills 

 

• To develop the ability to grasp the gist of the dictated material.

• Listen patiently, follow the etiquette of listening.

• Maintaining a state of mind of receptivity. To understand the sense of meaning of words, idioms or sayings.  

• To create interest in the literature of the language among the students.

• Mental and intellectual development of the students.

• To develop the power to understand feelings and thoughts.

 

Teaching methods to develop listening skills 

 

1. Storytelling – Children's attention can be attracted to listening through a story.

2. Question and answer method- During teaching in the class, the teacher asks questions on the basis of the reading material, the student will be able to answer only if he listens to the lesson properly. By asking questions based on the reading material, students will listen carefully to what is taught in the class.

3. Speech Method- Often it is a means of developing oral skills. But the students are first told to listen carefully to the speech.

 

4. Reciting Poems – To develop listening skills, the poem is recited to the students.

Audio Visual Aids for Teaching Listening Skills

1. tape recorder

2. radio

3. movie

4. gramophone

5. Video

6. Computer 

 

2. Speaking Skills 

 

• Reading or speaking is the form of language that is most commonly used.

• The medium of expression of feelings and thoughts is generally spoken language.

• Reading \ speaking is required in every area of ​​life. The biggest ornament of a person is his sweet voice.

• speaking and writing skills are called expressive \ productive skills 

Importance of Speaking skills 

 

• For exchange of ideas.

• For simple, clear and easy conversation.

• A person skilled in the use of spoken language can create magic with his speech.

• Speaking skills play a major role in creating harmony in social life and printing of social relations.

Objectives of Speaking Skills 

 

• Children's pronunciation should be pure.

• To teach students to speak with proper intonation, proper pace.

• Teaching students to use language with correct grammar.

• To enable the students to listen and express their thoughts.

• To teach to take care of punctuation marks in speaking.

• Teaching students to speak fluently, effectively.

• To teach to use language appropriate to the occasion.

• To teach the use of simple, comprehensible and idiomatic language.

• Clarity is an important quality of reading skill. Teaching children to use clear language.

 

Teaching methods to develop speaking skills 

 

1. Conversation- The teacher should encourage each student to participate in conversation. The topic of conversation should be according to the mental, intellectual level of the students.

2. Recitation – First the teacher should teach the text, later the students should be made to recite (teach by speaking).

3. Question and answer- The teacher should ask the students to answer questions regarding the subject taught.

 

4. Telling story and poem- ​​The teacher should tell the story and poem to the students under the speaking skill.

5. Picture description- Children of younger class are interested in seeing pictures. Students can be asked about the picture by showing it.

6. Debate

7. Speech 

8. Group- Discussion, Alphabet Method, Letter Method 

 

Types of Speaking Skills 

 

1. Recitation - spoken (with Swarg)\ for younger classes

2. Silent speaking - in the mind\ for the large class

3. Ideal speaking- When the teacher himself teaches while reading the lesson, it is called ideal reading.

4. Imitation speaking- When students recite the text by imitating the text taught by the teacher, it is called imitation reading.

Precautions 

 

1. The teacher himself should pronounce correctly.

2. If a student finds pure pronunciation due to natural reasons, inform his parents and get proper medical attention.

3. Provide more and more opportunities to the students who have difficulty in speaking.

 

4. Hesitation, hesitation, etc. should not come in the children.

5. While speaking, students should take care of correct tone, rhythm and soulful speech, this should be seen.

3. Reading Skills 

 

• In a simple sense, reading skill refers to the ability to read written language.

• In language skills, reading skills mean the pronunciation and comprehension of written language.

• In language teaching, most of the attention is paid to reading skills.

• Reading is the easiest and simplest way to acquire knowledge.

Types of Reading Skills 

 

There are two types of reading skills which are as follows:

1. Recitation

2. Silent reading

1. Recitation- Accepting the meaning while reciting with voice is called recitation. Pranav written in the alphabet is identified only by recitation. This is the initial stage of Pathan.

Merits of Recitation- 

 

• Accuracy and clarity should be taken care of while reciting aloud.

• Recitation should be pacified.

• Punctuation marks should be taken care of.

• There should be confidence in recitation.

• The recitation is again divided into two parts.

1. Individual Reading 

2. Group reading

2. Silent Reading - Reading written material silently in the mind without making any sound is called silent reading.

 

Importance and properties :

 

• Fatigue is reduced and the mind, eyes and brain remain active.

• In silent reading, the reader concentrates and concentrates.

• It is helpful in maintaining discipline in the class.

• Helpful in awakening the interest of self-study.

• It is also helpful in contemplation and deep study.

Differences of Silent Reading – There are two differences of silent reading

 

1. Serious Reading 

2. Quick Reading 

Serious Reading

1. To take possession of the language.

2. Finding the central point.

3. Dominating the subject matter.

4. Collecting new information.

Quick Reading 

 

1. Practicing the learned language.

2. Making good use of free time.

3. Getting pleasure.

4. Collecting information and getting an introduction to literature.

Importance of reading skills 

 

• It is helpful in all round development of students students can learn correct pronunciation.

• It helps in increasing the vocabulary.

• Helpful in increasing grammatical knowledge.

• One can imbibe the ideal qualities of great persons by reading their biographies and autobiographies.

• One can get new information by reading new books.

• Can make good use of time by reading.

 

Objectives of Reading Skills 

 

1. Children should be taught and taught according to the right selfishness and feelings and should accept the feelings.

2. Teaching pure reading.

3. Through Pathan, students use punctuation marks, semicolons etc. to society.

4. To awaken the tendency of self-study through reading.

5. The student learns by reading the correct pronunciation, sound, proper force etc.

6. Vocabulary increases by reading.

 

Teaching Methods of Reading Skills 

 

1. Varnabodh method – In this first the knowledge of description is imparted. Vowels first, consonants later and then the knowledge of matras is taught.

2. Phonology Method – In this, words with similar pronunciation are taught together.

3. Pronunciation method – In this, 12 links are considered as the base, K, Ka, K, Ki, Ki, Ko. In this method, letters and words are taught according to their vowel sounds.

 

4. Look and say method- In this the knowledge of the word is made by showing pictures related to the word. This method is psychological. By seeing, hearing and speaking many times, the pictures of the alphabets get imprinted on the brain.

5. Sentence Method- In this method the child speaks in sentences or phrases. First sentences, then words, then alphabets - this is how children are taught to read in order.

 

6. Story method- In this method, a story is narrated to the children.

7. Imitation method- This method is another form of "look and say" method. In this, the teacher says one word in front of the children, and the students imitate it by repeating it. In this way the students learn to read and pronounce the sound of words.