Factors affecting intelligence | factors influencing intelligence

 

Factors affecting intelligence:

Regarding the factors affecting intelligence, various psychologists have given different views. Experiments have been done. 

On the basis of these experiments these factors are as follows-

(1) Intelligence and heredity:- 

Most psychologists are of the opinion that intelligence is more influenced by heredity rather than the environment. 

Freeman concluded from his tests that intelligence had a great deal to do with heredity. 

Gerson came to the conclusion from his experiment that children of intelligent parents are also intelligent to a great extent. 

Gasel and Galton came to the conclusion from their experiments that heredity has more influence on intelligence than environment. 

Similarly, psychologists like Schweisinger, Dawson, Newman etc. also conducted many experiments to see the effect of heredity on intelligence and all of them came to the conclusion that heredity has a great impact on intelligence.

 

(2) Intelligence and environment :-

Many psychologists believe that intelligence is more influenced by environment rather than heredity. These psychologists have tried to prove through many experiments that intelligence is not as deeply related to lineage as it is to environment. Kodak studied 80 mothers whose children were raised in good environments to find out the effect of environment on intelligence. Kodak came to the conclusion from this study that all these children had good intelligence. Wellman, Leahy and Scheel also came to the conclusion after their studies that if children are given a good environment, their intelligence can be significantly changed.

(3) Intelligence and age :-

Many studies have been done in foreign countries to find out the relation between age and intelligence, among which the studies of Terman, Thorndike, Miles and Miles, Johns and Spearman are especially noteworthy. The only conclusion that emerges from all these studies is that generally intelligence increases only between the age of 16 to 20 years. 

From the Indian point of view, intelligence is considered to develop till the age of 25 years. However, intellectual development is considered to be more related to intellectual thinking rather than age.

 

(4) Intelligence and gender discrimination:- 

To study intelligence and gender discrimination, psychologists like Vitti etc. conducted experiments and came to the conclusion that generally there is no special difference in the intelligence quotient of boys and girls, but girls who do not have proper environment Those whose thinking is backward and who do not get freedom, their IQ is lower than that of boys.

(5) Intelligence and race:- 

Psychologists like Brigham, Portes, Wiley and Jackin etc. conducted many studies to know the relationship between intelligence and race and they came to the conclusion that race differences do not have any special effect on intelligence. In all species there are individuals of fast growth, normal growth and weak growth, their percentage may be more or less.