What is the meaning of Curriculum ?
The curriculum is called curriculum in the English language. It is derived from the Latin language word. Which means - race ground. In the field of education, the curriculum is the race ground for the child just as a runner can cross the race field and win the race. Similarly, a child can also cross the race field in the form of curriculum and win the race field in the form of education. Therefore, according to the literal meaning, the curriculum is the path on which the child can achieve the purpose of education.
What is the Definition of Curriculum ?
1. According to Froebel :-
“The curriculum should reflect the knowledge and experience of the entire human race.”
2. According to GS Beauchamp :-
"Curriculum is regarded as the social grouping framework for the educational experience of the students in the school."
Principles of Curriculum Design
Main principles of preparing curriculum for teaching subjects in schools.
It is necessary to take care of some special principles for preparing education subjects in schools. These principles are as follows. :-
1. Principle of student-centrality
2. Principle of community-centrality
3. Principle of action-centrality
4. Principle of diversity
5. Principle of flexibility
6. Principle of integration/correlation
7. Principle of Timeliness of Experience
8. Principle of Utility
9. Principle of Security
10. Principle of Constructive Training
11. Principle of Development of Democratic Values
12. Principle of Coordination
13. Principle of Preparation for Life
14. Principle of Meaningfulness
15. Principle of Continuity
16. Principle of Development of Human Values
17. Principle of Basic Knowledge and Skills
1. Student – Principle of centrality :-
The curriculum should be suited to the interests, needs, abilities, aptitudes, situations and developmental level of the students. It should provide rich experiences to the students for their proper development. In other words, children should be made the central element of the curriculum.
2. Community - the principle of centrality :-
While developing/creating the curriculum, the needs of the students as well as the needs of the community should be kept in mind. In fact, the curriculum should be designed from community life itself. It should be based on the needs and problems of the community. It should be the compensation of community life itself. It should reflect the important features of community life, it should be compatible with the community environment.
3. Principle of action-centeredness: -
Should be focused on curriculum and activities in which students take interest. There should be opportunities for play activities, creative activities and project activities. In other words it should be based on the principle of 'learning by doing'.
4. Principle of Diversity: -
Diversity is another important principle of curriculum development/construction. The curriculum should be broad based as a narrow curriculum cannot develop the various abilities of the individual. Different needs and interests of the learners at each level should be taken care of and there should be room for individual variation in the curriculum.
5. Principle of flexibility :-
The curriculum should be flexible and based on the needs of the children at each level. It should adapt to the changing conditions of the engagement and should reflect the latest developments in educational philosophy and educational psychology. Flexible curriculum can be adapted to the needs of the children.
6. Principle of Integration / Correlation :-
The form of education is always evolving so while creating or developing the curriculum, we should also take care of the integration or correlation subjects or activities so that the child can understand them well while relating them and they will be benefited a lot in their coming days.
7. Principle of timeliness of experience :-
The curriculum should be based on the totality of experience. Curriculum includes not only the topics taught in the schools, but it includes the whole experience that the students get in the classroom, in the library, in the laboratory and in the workshop, and the teachers and the teachers in the workshop. Gets into many informal relationships with students.
8. Principle of utility :-
Usability is an important basis of curriculum construction. Those topics should be included in the curriculum which will prove useful in the future of the students and which will help in making them worthy members of the society.
9. Security principle: -
Those subjects should be included in the curriculum which prove helpful in the protection of civilization and culture. The protective approach should also be based on choice, meaning the topics and activities to be included in the curriculum should be carefully chosen.
10. Principle of creative training :-
While developing the curriculum, it should be kept in mind that it should encourage the creative abilities of the students. Remont has rightly said that "a curriculum designed for present and future needs must be inclined towards creative subjects." All that is best in human culture is the result of human creative ability.
11. Principle of development of democratic values :-
The curriculum should be developed/constructed in such a way that it develops democratic values. This is an important principle for determining the curriculum for primary, secondary and higher education in democratic countries.
12. Principle of coordination :-
The curriculum should coordinate informal and formal education, direct and indirect education, general and specialized education, liberal and vocational education, and personal and social objectives of education.
13. Principle of preparation for life :-
The curriculum should prepare the students for life. Therefore, the curriculum should include activities that help prepare the students for the future and enable them to face the various challenges of complex problems in the future.
14. Principle of significance: -
While developing/creating the curriculum, the significance should also be kept in mind in the selection and organization of learning experiences. The curriculum maker should keep in mind the things that are meaningful to the students for whom the curriculum is being prepared, from the point of view of their environment and current needs. Meaningfulness requires taking care of the present, past experience and what may come in handy in the future. From this point of view, the importance or futility of the things to be included in the curriculum should be tested in the context of past, present and future.
15. Principle of Continuity :-
While developing/creating the curriculum in a class, it should be kept in mind that on the one hand, it should be related to the things read earlier and on the other hand, it should act as a basis for what is to be studied in the subsequent classes. Thus, there should be sufficient continuity in the learning experience to be provided in all classes, past, present and future.
16. Principle of development of human values :-
The dazzle of materiality has declined in present day values. Civilization seems to be running away from morality. Hence there is a need to curb this decline under the present circumstances. It should be started from primary classes only so that proper human values can be developed in the students. From this point of view, the subject matter, activities and experiences necessary for the development of human values should be compulsorily included in the school curriculum.
17. Principle of basic knowledge and skills :-
Basic knowledge and skills have a very important role in today's modern era, because today's modern era is moving forward scientifically, along with this, it should also be included in the curriculum to develop basic knowledge and skills in students. It is necessary so that they can benefit from them in future.
CONCLUSION :-
In the schools where the principles of curriculum were clearest and teaching as inquiry at the school level was well related to the principles of the curriculum, it follows that the curriculum should be based on the interests, needs, abilities, aptitudes, principles and development of the students. It should be appropriate to the level and should have the facility to provide all kinds of knowledge to the students, that is, by which the child is able to develop his intellectual, physical, emotional, mental, moral and spiritual.
It is clear from the above discussion that the curriculum is an important basis for the students. Just like a runner achieves his goal by completing his race in the race field, similarly students also achieve the goals fixed by the curriculum in schools. There are also some important principles for teaching subjects, such as the principle of student-centeredness, the principle of flexibility, the principle of diversity, the principle of readiness for life, etc.
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